There are a number of threads as well as an issue report addressing this problem. The current version of the Android NDK does not have an audio API. There are hints that the next NDK version will have some audio support, but who knows when that will be available.
Without low level audio support and no synchronous play API, there seems to be only two options for playing two sounds synchronously: 1) play them at the same time and hope for the best, or 2) mix the sounds in the software before playing them. Option 2 sounds more reliable, but can it be done in real time? I may need to use the NDK to implement the mixing in C, which would involve sending the data through a JNI round trip.